hydrogen - ορισμός. Τι είναι το hydrogen
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Τι (ποιος) είναι hydrogen - ορισμός

CHEMICAL ELEMENT WITH SYMBOL H AND ATOMIC NUMBER 1; LIGHTEST AND MOST ABUNDANT SUBSTANCE IN THE UNIVERSE
Element 1; Molecular hydrogen; Compressed Gaseous Hydrogen; Hydrogen molecule; Compressed gaseous hydrogen; Dihydrogen; Inflammable air; Atomic number 1; E949; Monatomic hydrogen; Hydrogen gas; Hydrogen position in periodic table; Gaseous hydrogen; History of hydrogen; H (element); Diprotium; Dihydro; Hidrogen; Hydrogen, 1H; Properties of hydrogen
  • Combustion of hydrogen with the oxygen in the air. When the bottom cap is removed, allowing air to enter at the bottom, the hydrogen in the container rises out of top and burns as it mixes with the air.
  • Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
  • upright=2.0
  • Deuterium discharge (spectrum) tube
  • alt=A line spectrum showing black background with narrow lines superimposed on it: one violet, one blue, one cyan, and one red.
  • Hydrogen gas is colorless and transparent, here contained in a glass [[ampoule]].
  • Hydrogen discharge (spectrum) tube
  • 300x300px
  • 300x300px
  • A sample of [[sodium hydride]]
  • alt=A white-green cotton-like clog on black background.
  • alt=Phase diagram of hydrogen on logarithmic scales. Lines show boundaries between phases, with the end of the liquid-gas line indicating the critical point. The triple point of hydrogen is just off-scale to the left.
  • 360x360px
  • alt=A black cup-like object hanging by its bottom with blue glow coming out of its opening.

hydrogen         
n.
(Chem.) Inflammable air, phlogiston.
hydrogen         
['h??dr?d?(?)n]
¦ noun a colourless, odourless, highly flammable gas, the chemical element of atomic number 1. (Symbol: H)
Derivatives
hydrogenous -'dr?d??n?s adjective
Origin
C18: coined in Fr. from Gk hudro- 'water' + -genes (see -gen).
Hydrogen         
An element existing under all except the most extreme artificial conditions of pressure and cold as a gas. It is the lightest of known substances. Atomic weight, 1; molecular weight, 2; equivalent, 1; valency, 1; specific gravity, .0691-.0695. (Dumas & Boussingault.) It is a dielectric of about the same resistance as air. Its specific inductive capacity at atmospheric pressure is:     .9997 (Baltzman)   .9998 (Ayrton) Electro-chemical equivalent, .0105 milligram. The above is usually taken as correct. Other values are as follows: .010521 (Kohllrausch)   .010415 (Mascart) The electro-chemical equivalent of any element is obtained by multiplying its equivalent by the electro-chemical equivalent of hydrogen. The value .0105 has been used throughout this book.

Βικιπαίδεια

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula H2. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of all normal matter. Stars such as the Sun are mainly composed of hydrogen in the plasma state. Most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water and organic compounds. For the most common isotope of hydrogen (symbol 1H) each atom has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons.

In the early universe, the formation of protons, the nuclei of hydrogen, occurred during the first second after the Big Bang. The emergence of neutral hydrogen atoms throughout the universe occurred about 370,000 years later during the recombination epoch, when the plasma had cooled enough for electrons to remain bound to protons.

Hydrogen is nonmetallic (except it becomes metallic at extremely high pressures) and readily forms a single covalent bond with most nonmetallic elements, forming compounds such as water and nearly all organic compounds. Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid–base reactions because these reactions usually involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. In ionic compounds, hydrogen can take the form of a negative charge (i.e., anion) where it is known as a hydride, or as a positively charged (i.e., cation) species denoted by the symbol H+. The H+ cation is simply a proton (symbol p) but its behavior in aqueous solutions and in ionic compounds involves screening of its electric charge by nearby polar molecules or anions. Because hydrogen is the only neutral atom for which the Schrödinger equation can be solved analytically, the study of its energetics and chemical bonding has played a key role in the development of quantum mechanics.

Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century by the reaction of acids on metals. In 1766–1781, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, the property for which it was later named: in Greek, hydrogen means "water-former".

Industrial production is mainly from steam reforming of natural gas, oil reforming, or coal gasification. A small percentage is also produced using more energy-intensive methods such as the electrolysis of water. Most hydrogen is used near the site of its production, the two largest uses being fossil fuel processing (e.g., hydrocracking) and ammonia production, mostly for the fertilizer market. It can be burned to produce heat or combined with oxygen in fuel cells to generate electricity directly, with water being the only emissions at the point of usage. Hydrogen atoms (but not gaseous molecules) are problematic in metallurgy because they can embrittle many metals.

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για hydrogen
1. The result is hydrogen, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
2. Cutting the carbon our homes produce use means using hydrogen, and hydrogen means natural gas.
3. Instead of hydrogen, heavy hydrogen, which is called "deterium," is used.
4. The water contains mineral matters, hydrogen sulphide, metasilicic acid component, hydrogen carbonate ions and sodium ions.
5. Why use electricity to produce hydrogen, only to use the hydrogen to produce electricity again?